Installation of Thai fonts for TeX with fontinst
------------------------------------------------

0. The files `c90.etx' and `c90.mtx' must be in the TEXINPUTS path.
   Normally, the current directory also works.  Note that you need
   fontinst version 1.918 or higher.

1. In case your Thai font doesn't come with an AFM metrics file you
   must extract it from the font using tools like `type1afm' (from the
   t1lib package) or ghostscript's `ps2afm' program.

2. Create a control file for fontinst.

   Example:

     Let us assume that we have the following AFM files for the Garuda
     family, using version 0.5 of the `fonts-tlwg' project:

       garuda.afm
       garuda_b.afm
       garuda_o.afm
       garuda_bo.afm

     You should use glyph names compliant to Karl Berry's `fontname'
     scheme.  For `garuda', this could be `fgdr8z': `f' is the foundry
     (`small foundry'), `gd' is the typeface name, `r' means the
     weight (`regular'), and `8z' the encoding (`8bit user').
     Similarly, suitable names for the other fonts are `fgdb8z',
     `fgdo8z', and `fgdbo8z', respectively.

     Fonts with `f' as the supplier should go into a `public' font
     directory.  The typeface `Garuda' already exists in the latest
     fontname version (typeface.map version 4-Jul-2005 at the time of
     writing), the associated directory is `garuda'.  Please consult
     the `fontname' standard for more information.

     A template for the fontinst control file can be found as
     `garuda-c90.fontinst' which looks like the following.

     ==== garuda-c90.fontinst ====

       \input fontinst.sty

       \needsfontinstversion{1.918}


       % we explicitly set all slots in the encoding, so provide all
       % glyph names in AFM files equally (this is, don't create
       % `<glyph>-not' names)
       \let\setnotglyph \setrawglyph

       % we want warnings for missing glyphs
       \fontinstcc
       \add_to\pre_fourth_etx_pass_hook{
         \def\do_slot{
           \if_undefined{g-\slot_name}\then
             \fontinstwarningnoline{fontinst}
                                   {missing~glyph~`\slot_name'\space
                                    for~slot~\the\slot_number\space
                                    in~font~`\out_filename'}
           \fi
           \do_character
         }
       }
       \normalcc


       % create PL files and an FD file
       \installfonts
         \setint{fontdimen(2)}{500}  % SPACE
         \setint{fontdimen(3)}{300}  % STRETCH
         \setint{fontdimen(4)}{100}  % SHRINK
         \setint{fontdimen(6)}{1000} % QUAD
         \setint{fontdimen(7)}{0}    % EXTRASPACE

         \installrawfont{fdbr8z}{garuda,c90}{c90}
                        {C90}{garuda}{m}{n}{}
         \installrawfont{fdbb8z}{garuda_b,c90}{c90}
                        {C90}{garuda}{bx}{n}{}
         \installrawfont{fdbbo8z}{garuda_bo,c90}{c90}
                        {C90}{garuda}{bx}{sl}{}
         \installrawfont{fdbo8z}{garuda_o,c90}{c90}
                        {C90}{garuda}{m}{sl}{}
       \endinstallfonts


       \input finstmsc.sty


       % create the c90.enc file
       \installfonts
         % the `makeenc' flag is used in c90.etx
         \setint{makeenc}{1}
         \setstr{encodingname}{C90Encoding}
         \etxtoenc{c90}{c90}
       \endinstallfonts

       \end

     ==== garuda-c90.fontinst ====

     Some explanations.

     - The control files also create MTX and PL files for the AFM
       files (e.g., garuda.mtx and garuda.pl) which aren't needed and
       can be deleted.

     - AFM files don't provide all necessary font dimensions for TeX.
       Consequently, you have to set some dimensions manually.  The
       `SPACE' value must be larger than for a Latin font; a
       reasonable value is 500.  You should increase the `STRETCH'
       value also -- some tests have shown that 300 yields good
       results, but this depends on the font.  `EXTRASPACE' can be set
       to zero since you must always use TeX's \frenchspacing command
       for Thai.  All other font dimension values given above are
       default values and can stay unmodified.

       There is nothing for free: The changed font dimensions improve
       spacing between Thai words, but Latin words are far too widely
       spaced.

     - The arguments to \installrawfont are as follows.

         #1    The target font name.
         #2    A comma separated list (without spaces) of metric
               files.  Above, the first one is the AFM file, the
               second one is c90.mtx which sets up the three mandatory
               alias glyph slots.
         #3    The name of the encoding file (c90.etx).
         #4-#7 The NFSS attributes for the font.
         #8    The size command.  If it is empty, `<->' is used.

     - The second \installfonts...\endinstallfonts block creates an
       encoding file.

3. Run fontinst:

     tex garuda-c90.fontinst

   If you get warnings about missing glyphs which are critical (this
   is, if they affect Thai characters), you have to configure fontinst
   to use an alias file for glyph names.  This is described below.

4. Say

     pltotf <PL-file>

  for all target PL files to create TFM files.

  Example:

     pltotf fgdr8z
     pltotf fgdb8z
     pltotf fgdo8z
     pltotf fgdbo8z

  After the conversion, the PL files are no longer needed and can be
  deleted.  As mentioned above, the PL files created directly from the
  AFM files need not be converted.

5. Create a mapping file <font>.map for the PS fonts (which can be
   used by both dvips and pdftex).

   Example `garuda-c90.map' (the lines are split for readability only):

     fgdr8z Garuda \
       " C90Encoding ReEncodeFont " <c90.enc <garuda.pfb
     fgdb8z Garuda-Bold \
       " C90Encoding ReEncodeFont " <c90.enc <garuda_b.pfb
     fgdo8z Garuda-Oblique \
       " C90Encoding ReEncodeFont " <c90.enc <garuda_o.pfb
     fgdbo8z Garuda-BoldOblique \
       " C90Encoding ReEncodeFont " <c90.enc <garuda_bo.pfb

  A proper entry for the mapping file (dvipdfm.map) of dvipdfm (and
  dvipdfmx) looks like this:

     fgdr8z c90 garuda
     fgdb8z c90 garuda_b
     fgdo8z c90 garuda_o
     fgdbo8z c90 garuda_bo

  Note that teTeX's (and TeXLive's) `updmap' script can automatically
  convert a map line for dvips to a proper entry for dvipdfm and
  dvipdfmx.

6. There are two possibilities how to make the Thai fonts known to
   dvips.

  - Append the contents of the map file to `psfonts.map' (or the map
    file specified in the configuration file of dvips, `config.ps',
    with the `p' option).  How to do this may vary depending on the
    used TeX system; for example, teTeX and TeXLive both use a script
    called `updmap' to maintain `psfonts.map'.

  - Write a small file called config.<font> (e.g. `config.garuda-c90')
    with the following line in it:

      p +<map_file>

    Example:

      p +garuda-c90.map

    Then you can use the `-P' command line option of dvips to include
    the reencoded font.  Example:

      dvips -P garuda-c90 test.dvi

7. After testing, install the font and its support files in your TeX
   tree.  In the following example, `TEXMF' denotes the location of
   your (local) `texmf' directory (we assume a TeX installation
   compliant to TDS 1.1 as provided recent versions of TeXLive and
   teTeX).

     garuda.pfb    ->   TEXMF/fonts/type1/public/garuda/
     garuda.afm    ->   TEXMF/fonts/afm/public/garuda/
     ...

     c90.enc       ->   TEXMF/fonts/enc/dvips/thai/

     garuda.map    ->   TEXMF/fonts/map/dvips/garuda-c90/
     config.garuda ->   TEXMF/dvips/garuda-c90/

     fgdr8z.tfm    ->   TEXMF/fonts/tfm/public/garuda-c90/
     ...

     c90gar.fd     ->   TEXMF/tex/latex/CJK/thai/

8. Run texhash or a similar program to update the TDS database if
   necessary.


You are done!  With plain TeX, say e.g.

  \font\thai = fgdr9z at 16pt

to use the font \thai.  This will typeset TIS-620 encoded Thai.  Note,
however, that you need CJK's cjk-enc.el for Emacs to insert proper
inter-character glue and word breakpoints in case you want to typeset
longer Thai phrases.


Reencoding Thai fonts
---------------------

Older Thai fonts don't use proper glyph names, and recent ones
probably use different suffixes; it is thus necessary to make fontinst
aware of those names.

A complete example can be found in the `dbtt-old' subdirectory (which
can be used for the dbtt fonts from TeXLive 8 or earlier).

a. Set up a file which contains all the aliases, using the \galias
   macro.  This file should have the extension `.tex'.

   Example:

     If glyph `endash' is represented with glyph name `ucircumflex' in
     the font, use the following:

       \galias{ucircumflex}{endash}

b. Set up both ETX and MTX files which load the just created glyph
   alias file.  To do that, use the files `dbtt-old-alias.etx' and
   `dbtt-old-alias.mtx' as templates.  Leave everything unchanged
   except the line with \input which should load your glyph alias
   file.

c. Set up a proper fontinst control file.  Use `dbtt-old.fontinst' as
   a template, replacing the `dbtt-old-alias' items in the
   \installrawfont lines with the name of your MTX file.  Similarly,
   the three last lines in the second \installfonts...\endinstallfonts
   block should be adjusted accordingly.

d. Continue with item 3 above.  Note that in item 5, you have to use
   not `C90Encoding' but the encoding name defined with the \setstr
   line in your fontinst control file.


Using different LaTeX encodings for Thai
----------------------------------------

The used encoding scheme within the CJK package for Thai is `C90', but
it is straightforward to adapt it to other Thai encodings like `LTH'
by reordering the `\setslot ... \endsetslot' blocks in the file
`c90.etx'.

Currently, only CJK's cjk-enc.el output filter for Emacs needs the
Thai ligatures -- other Thai word segmentation programs like `swath'
or `cttex' already replace the input characters with proper glyph
variants.  Anyway, they don't harm, and it is on the TODO list of the
thailatex maintainers to finally use those ligatures also.


Printing c90.etx
----------------

It is possible to convert the main fontinst encoding file for Thai,
c90.etx, into a printable document.  To do so, you have to apply the
patch below to the file `fontdoc.sty' (which is part of the fontinst
package -- tested with fontinst version 1.926; newer versions have
already been corrected and don't need this patch), then simply say

  latex c90.etx


====================================================================


--- fontdoc.sty.old	Mon Feb  9 21:28:59 2004
+++ fontdoc.sty	Wed Jun 23 12:13:04 2004
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@
 \x@cs\def{FD@lig-/LIG}#1#2{%
    \FD@typeset@string{\slot@name}${}*{}$\typeset@glyph{#1}%
    ${}\rightarrow{}$%
-   \FD@typeset@string{\slot@name}${}*{}$\typeset@glyph{#2}$%
+   \FD@typeset@string{\slot@name}${}*{}$\typeset@glyph{#2}%
 }
 \x@cs\def{FD@lig-LIG/}#1#2{%
    \FD@typeset@string{\slot@name}${}*{}$\typeset@glyph{#1}%
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@
    \FD@typeset@string{\slot@name}${}*{}$\typeset@glyph{#1}%
    ${}\rightarrow{}$%
    \FD@typeset@string{\slot@name}${}*{}$%
-   \typeset@glyph{#2}${}*\lfloor$\typeset@glyph{#1}$}
+   \typeset@glyph{#2}${}*\lfloor$\typeset@glyph{#1}}
 \def\nextlarger#1{\Bheading{Next larger} \typeset@glyph{#1}}
 \def\makerightboundary#1{%
    \Bheading{Right boundary marker slot} designation \typeset@glyph{#1}%


---End of INSTALL---